diff --git a/TODO.md b/TODO.md
index 3db4144..8f39e06 100644
--- a/TODO.md
+++ b/TODO.md
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 # TODO
 
+## App permissions
+
+- [ ] **Permissions registry** — admin-managed table that controls which apps each user can access. Schema: `user_app_permissions (user_id FK, app_key)`. Admin UI lets the admin grant/revoke per-app access per user. The Apps page only shows apps the current user has been granted access to.
+
 ## Frontend features
 
 - [x] **Logout button** — visible when logged in, clears token and redirects to `/login`
diff --git a/backend/scripts/seed.py b/backend/scripts/seed.py
index bd25807..75565a1 100644
--- a/backend/scripts/seed.py
+++ b/backend/scripts/seed.py
@@ -1,4 +1,8 @@
-"""Create a test user for the dev environment if it doesn't exist yet."""
+"""Seed the dev environment with a fixed set of test users.
+
+Users are upserted on every startup — missing ones are created, existing ones
+are left untouched except for the admin flag which is always enforced.
+"""
 
 import asyncio
 
@@ -8,35 +12,62 @@ from app.core.security import hash_password
 from app.database import AsyncSessionLocal
 from app.models.user import User
 
-TEST_EMAIL = "test@example.com"
-TEST_PASSWORD = "Test123!"
-TEST_NAME = "Test User"
+# ── Dev seed users ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+# Passwords satisfy the strength policy (upper, lower, digit, special char,
+# no forbidden words) so they can also be used via the API if needed.
+
+SEED_USERS = [
+    {
+        "email": "test_admin@example.com",
+        "password": "Secure_Dev1!",
+        "full_name": "Test Admin",
+        "is_superuser": True,
+    },
+    {
+        "email": "test_1@example.com",
+        "password": "Secure_Dev2!",
+        "full_name": "Test User One",
+        "is_superuser": False,
+    },
+    {
+        "email": "test_2@example.com",
+        "password": "Secure_Dev3!",
+        "full_name": "Test User Two",
+        "is_superuser": False,
+    },
+]
 
 
 async def seed() -> None:
     async with AsyncSessionLocal() as db:
-        result = await db.execute(select(User).where(User.email == TEST_EMAIL))
-        existing = result.scalar_one_or_none()
+        for spec in SEED_USERS:
+            result = await db.execute(
+                select(User).where(User.email == spec["email"])
+            )
+            existing = result.scalar_one_or_none()
 
-        if existing:
-            # Ensure the dev test user is always an admin
-            if not existing.is_superuser:
-                existing.is_superuser = True
-                await db.commit()
-                print(f"[seed] promoted test user to admin: {TEST_EMAIL}")
+            if existing:
+                # Always enforce the correct admin flag in case it drifted
+                if existing.is_superuser != spec["is_superuser"]:
+                    existing.is_superuser = spec["is_superuser"]
+                    await db.commit()
+                    flag = "admin" if spec["is_superuser"] else "user"
+                    print(f"[seed] updated role → {flag}: {spec['email']}")
+                else:
+                    print(f"[seed] already exists: {spec['email']}")
             else:
-                print(f"[seed] test user already exists: {TEST_EMAIL}")
-            return
-
-        user = User(
-            email=TEST_EMAIL,
-            hashed_password=hash_password(TEST_PASSWORD),
-            full_name=TEST_NAME,
-            is_superuser=True,
-        )
-        db.add(user)
-        await db.commit()
-        print(f"[seed] created test admin — email: {TEST_EMAIL}  pwd: {TEST_PASSWORD}")
+                user = User(
+                    email=spec["email"],
+                    hashed_password=hash_password(spec["password"]),
+                    full_name=spec["full_name"],
+                    is_superuser=spec["is_superuser"],
+                )
+                db.add(user)
+                await db.commit()
+                role = "admin" if spec["is_superuser"] else "user"
+                print(
+                    f"[seed] created {role}: {spec['email']}  pwd: {spec['password']}"
+                )
 
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":