import asyncio
from contextlib import asynccontextmanager

from redis import asyncio as aioredis
from fastapi import FastAPI, Request, Response
from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse
from minio import Minio
from slowapi import _rate_limit_exceeded_handler
from slowapi.errors import RateLimitExceeded
from slowapi.middleware import SlowAPIMiddleware
from sqlalchemy import text
from starlette.middleware.base import BaseHTTPMiddleware
from starlette.responses import Response as StarletteResponse

from api.auth import limiter as auth_limiter
from api.documents import router as documents_router
from api.topics import router as topics_router
from config import settings
from db.session import AsyncSessionLocal, engine


# ── CSP / Security headers middleware ────────────────────────────────────────

class SecurityHeadersMiddleware(BaseHTTPMiddleware):
    """Add Content-Security-Policy, X-Frame-Options, and X-Content-Type-Options
    to every response (SEC-05, T-02-14).
    """

    async def dispatch(self, request: Request, call_next):
        response = await call_next(request)
        response.headers["Content-Security-Policy"] = (
            "default-src 'self'; "
            "script-src 'self'; "
            "style-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline'; "
            "img-src 'self' data:; "
            "frame-ancestors 'none'"
        )
        response.headers["X-Frame-Options"] = "DENY"
        response.headers["X-Content-Type-Options"] = "nosniff"
        return response


# ── Origin validation middleware (SEC-01, T-02-11) ────────────────────────────

class OriginValidationMiddleware(BaseHTTPMiddleware):
    """Reject state-changing requests from Origins not in settings.cors_origins.

    For any non-idempotent method (not GET/HEAD/OPTIONS): if the Origin header
    is present and not in the allowed list, return 403.

    Placed BEFORE CORSMiddleware so it runs first (Starlette applies middleware
    in reverse insertion order — last added runs first).
    """

    async def dispatch(self, request: Request, call_next):
        if request.method not in {"GET", "HEAD", "OPTIONS"}:
            origin = request.headers.get("Origin")
            if origin is not None and origin not in settings.cors_origins:
                return StarletteResponse(content="Forbidden", status_code=403)
        return await call_next(request)


# ── Lifespan ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

@asynccontextmanager
async def lifespan(app: FastAPI):
    """FastAPI lifespan: initialize MinIO, Redis, and admin bootstrap at startup.

    D-07: bucket auto-create ensures the docuvault bucket exists on every reboot.
    MinIO client stored on app.state.minio for use in the /health endpoint.
    Redis stored on app.state.redis for per-account rate limiting (SEC-02) and
    TOTP replay prevention (AUTH-08).
    Admin bootstrap (D-04): idempotent, runs only if no users exist.
    """
    # MinIO bucket initialization (RESEARCH.md Pattern 4)
    minio_client = Minio(
        settings.minio_endpoint,
        access_key=settings.minio_access_key,
        secret_key=settings.minio_secret_key,
        secure=False,
    )
    exists = await asyncio.to_thread(minio_client.bucket_exists, settings.minio_bucket)
    if not exists:
        await asyncio.to_thread(minio_client.make_bucket, settings.minio_bucket)
    app.state.minio = minio_client

    # Redis init for per-account rate limiting + TOTP replay prevention
    app.state.redis = await aioredis.from_url(settings.redis_url)

    # Admin bootstrap (D-04)
    from services.auth import bootstrap_admin  # noqa: PLC0415
    async with AsyncSessionLocal() as session:
        await bootstrap_admin(session)

    yield

    # Shutdown: close pooled connections and Redis
    await app.state.redis.close()
    await engine.dispose()


# ── Application factory ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────

app = FastAPI(title="Document Scanner API", version="1.0.0", lifespan=lifespan)

# Rate limiter state (slowapi)
app.state.limiter = auth_limiter
app.add_exception_handler(RateLimitExceeded, _rate_limit_exceeded_handler)
app.add_middleware(SlowAPIMiddleware)

# ── Middleware registration order (Starlette: last added = first to run) ───────
# Desired execution order (request path): Origin → CORS → SecurityHeaders → route
# Insertion order (last registered = first to run): SecurityHeaders → CORS → Origin
# Result: register SecurityHeaders first, then CORS, then Origin last.

# 1. Security headers (CSP etc.) — runs last in the chain
app.add_middleware(SecurityHeadersMiddleware)

# 2. CORS — updated to use settings.cors_origins (D-09); wildcard removed (T-02-15)
app.add_middleware(
    CORSMiddleware,
    allow_origins=settings.cors_origins,
    allow_credentials=True,   # Required for httpOnly cookie flow
    allow_methods=["*"],
    allow_headers=["*"],
)

# 3. Origin validation — runs first (added last), before CORS and route handlers
app.add_middleware(OriginValidationMiddleware)


# ── Routes ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

@app.get("/health")
async def health(request: Request):
    """Extended health probe: reports PostgreSQL and MinIO connectivity (D-07).

    Always returns HTTP 200 — 'degraded' status signals a partial outage without
    causing load-balancer retries.

    Note (T-01-05-03): error strings expose Python exception class names — acceptable
    for an internal/dev endpoint in Phase 1. Phase 2 will trim to 'error' or
    'unhealthy' once the endpoint is internet-facing.
    """
    checks: dict = {}

    # PostgreSQL probe
    try:
        async with AsyncSessionLocal() as session:
            await session.execute(text("SELECT 1"))
        checks["postgres"] = "ok"
    except Exception as e:
        checks["postgres"] = f"error: {type(e).__name__}: {e}"

    # MinIO probe
    try:
        ok = await asyncio.to_thread(
            request.app.state.minio.bucket_exists, settings.minio_bucket
        )
        checks["minio"] = "ok" if ok else "error: bucket missing"
    except Exception as e:
        checks["minio"] = f"error: {type(e).__name__}: {e}"

    status_val = "ok" if all(v == "ok" for v in checks.values()) else "degraded"
    return {"status": status_val, "checks": checks}


# ── Include routers ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

app.include_router(documents_router)
app.include_router(topics_router)

# Phase 2: auth and admin routers
from api.auth import router as auth_router  # noqa: E402
from api.admin import router as admin_router  # noqa: E402
app.include_router(auth_router)
app.include_router(admin_router)